通信作者:李维勤,中国人民解放军东部战区总医院重症医学科,南京 210002,Email:liweiqindr@vip.163.com郭丰,浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院重症医学科,杭州 310016,Email:3408003@zju.edu.cn段军,中日友好医院外科重症医学科,北京 100029,Email:dj_mail2000@163.comCorresponding authors: Li Weiqin, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Eastern Theater Command General Hospital of PLA, Nanjing 210002, China, Email: liweiqindr@vip.163.comGuo Feng, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China, Email: 3408003@zju.edu.cnDuan Jun, Department of Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China, Email: dj_mail2000@163.com
Chinese Abdominal Intensive Care Association. Expert consensus on monitoring and management of intra-abdominal hypertension in severe patients (2020 edition)[J]. Chin J Dig Surg,2020,19(10):1030-1037. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115610-20200814-00552.
同样呼气末正压(positive end expiratory pressure,PEEP)的设定时,也必须考虑腹内高压导致的胸腔内压上升问题。遗憾的是,目前尚无可靠的临床证据证实食管压引导的PEEP设定或公式换算的PEEP设定能够改善患者预后。Regli等[42]的一项小型临床研究结果表明:PEEP等于腹内压水平时,可以最大限度改善氧合,但是多达41%的患者因低血压或气囊漏气等无法耐受该PEEP水平,而PEEP设定在50%腹内压水平时,虽然患者氧合指数稍低,但耐受情况良好。综上,PEEP的设定应更多依赖床旁连续观察,不能仅考虑氧合指数,需综合考虑患者的耐受度,肺顺应性等。
参考文献BitkinA, AydinM, IrkilataL, et al. Effect of intra-abdominal pressure rise on hematological parameters in laparoscopic urologic surgery[J]. ,2018,28(9):699-702. DOI:10.29271/jcpsp.2018.09.699.MalbrainML, CheathamML, KirkpatrickA, et al. Results from the international conference of experts on intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome. Ⅰ. Definitions[J]. ,2006,32(11):1722-1732. DOI:10.1007/s00134-006-0349-5.GottliebM, KoyfmanA, LongB. Evaluation and management of abdominal compartment syndrome in the emergency department[J]. ,2020,58(1):43-53. DOI:10.1016/j.jemermed.2019.09.046.MalbrainML, De laetIE. Intra-abdominal hypertension: evolving concepts[J]. ,2009,30(1):45-70, viii. DOI:10.1016/j.ccm.2008.09.003.HolodinskyJK, RobertsDJ, BallCG, et al. Risk factors for intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome among adult intensive care unit patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. ,2013,17(5):R249. DOI:10.1186/cc13075.KirkpatrickAW, RobertsDJ, De WaeleJ, et al. Intra-abdominal hypertension and the abdominal compartment syndrome: updated consensus definitions and clinical practice guidelines from the World Society of the Abdominal Compartment Syndrome[J]. ,2013,39(7):1190-1206. DOI:10.1007/s00134-013-2906-z.AntonelliM, BontenM, CecconiM, et al. Year in review in intensive care medicine 2012. Ⅱ:Pneumonia and infection, sepsis, coagulation, hemodynamics, cardiovascular and microcirculation, critical care organization, imaging, ethics and legal issues[J]. ,2013,39(3):345-364. DOI:10.1007/s00134-012-2804-9.De LaetIE, MalbrainM, De WaeleJJ. A clinician's guide to management of intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome in critically ill patients[J]. ,2020,24(1):97. DOI:10.1186/s13054-020-2782-1.MalbrainML. Different techniques to measure intra-abdominal pressure (IAP): time for a critical re-appraisal[J]. ,2004,30(3):357-371. DOI:10.1007/s00134-003-2107-2.MunstermanAS, HansonRR. Comparison of direct and indirect methods of intra-abdominal pressure measurement in normal horses[J]. ,2009,19(6):545-553. DOI:10.1111/j.1476-4431.2009.00482.x.MalbrainML, CheathamML. Definitions and pathophysiological implications of intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome[J]. ,2011,77Suppl 1:S6-11.PadarM, Reintam BlaserA, TalvingP, et al. Abdominal compartment syndrome: improving outcomes with a multidisciplinary approach-a narrative review[J]. ,2019,12:1061-1074. DOI:10.2147/JMDH.S205608.McBethPB, ZygunDA, WidderS, et al. Effect of patient positioning on intra-abdominal pressure monitoring[J]. ,2007,193(5):644-647. DOI:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2007.01.013.YiM, LengY, BaiY, et al. The evaluation of the effect of body positioning on intra-abdominal pressure measurement and the effect of intra-abdominal pressure at different body positioning on organ function and prognosis in critically ill patients[J]. ,2012,27(2):222, e1-6. DOI:10.1016/j.jcrc.2011.08.010.MalbrainM. Abdominal compartment syndrome[J]. ,2009,1:86. DOI:10.3410/M1-86.MalbrainML, De LaetIE, De WaeleJJ, et al. Intra-abdominal hypertension: definitions, monitoring, interpretation and management[J]. ,2013,27(2):249-270. DOI:10.1016/j.bpa.2013.06.009.RosenthalRJ, FriedmanRL, KahnAM, et al. Reasons for intracranial hypertension and hemodynamic instability during acute elevations of intra-abdominal pressure: observations in a large animal model[J]. ,1998,2(5):415-425. DOI:10.1016/s1091-255x(98)80031-0.WautersJ, WilmerA, ValenzaF. Abdomino-thoracic transmission during ACS: facts and figures[J]. ,2007,62Suppl 1:200-205.GieblerRM, BehrendsM, SteffensT, et al. Intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal carbon dioxide insufflation evoke different effects on caval vein pressure gradients in humans: evidence for the starling resistor concept of abdominal venous return[J]. ,2000,92(6):1568-1580. DOI:10.1097/00000542-200006000-00013.GieblerRM, KabatnikM, StegenBH, et al. Retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal CO2 insufflation have markedly different cardiovascular effects[J]. ,1997,68(2):153-160. DOI:10.1006/jsre.1997.5063.ZampieriFG, AlmeidaJR, de Paula SchettinoGP, et al. Factors associated with variation in intracranial pressure in a model of intra-abdominal hypertension with acute lung injury[J]. ,2011,23(2):164-169.BloomfieldGL, RidingsPC, BlocherCR, et al. A proposed relationship between increased intra-abdominal, intrathoracic, and intracranial pressure[J]. ,1997,25(3):496-503. DOI:10.1097/00003246-199703000-00020.JaroszB, DabrowskiW, MarciniakA, et al. Increase in intra-abdominal pressure raises brain venous pressure, leads to brain ischaemia and decreases brain magnesium content[J]. ,2012,25(2):89-98. DOI:10.1684/mrh.2012.0310.PereiraBM. Abdominal compartment syndrome and intra-abdominal hypertension[J]. ,2019,25(6):688-696. DOI:10.1097/MCC.0000000000000665.CheathamML, MalbrainML. Cardiovascular implications of abdominal compartment syndrome[J]. ,2007,62Suppl 1:98-112. DOI:10.1179/acb.2007.62.s1.013.RobothamJL, WiseRA, Bromberger-BarneaB. Effects of changes in abdominal pressure on left ventricular performance and regional blood flow[J]. ,1985,13(10):803-809. DOI:10.1097/00003246-198510000-00006.De WaeleJJ, De LaetI, MalbrainML. Understanding abdominal compartment syndrome[J]. ,2016,42(6):1068-1070. DOI:10.1007/s00134-015-4089-2.CheathamML, WhiteMW, SagravesSG, et al. Abdominal perfusion pressure: a superior parameter in the assessment of intra-abdominal hypertension[J]. ,2000,49(4):621-627. DOI:10.1097/00005373-200010000-00008.GülF, Sayanⅰ, KasapoğluUS, et al. Abdominal perfusion pressure is superior from intra-abdominal pressure to detect deterioration of renal perfusion in critically ill patients[J]. ,2019,25(6):561-566. DOI:10.14744/tjtes.2019.25263.De laetI, MalbrainML. ICU management of the patient with intra-abdominal hypertension: what to do, when and to whom?[J]. ,2007,62Suppl 1:190-199.LiuX, FuQ, MiW, et al. Pulse pressure variation and stroke volume variation predict fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients experiencing intra-abdominal hypertension[J]. ,2013,7(2):101-108. DOI:10.5582/bst.2013.v7.2.101.JacquesD, BendjelidK, DuperretS, et al. Pulse pressure variation and stroke volume variation during increased intra-abdominal pressure: an experimental study[J]. ,2011,15(1):R33. DOI:10.1186/cc9980.GruenewaldM, RennerJ, MeybohmP, et al. Reliability of continuous cardiac output measurement during intra-abdominal hypertension relies on repeated calibrations: an experimental animal study[J]. ,2008,12(5):R132. DOI:10.1186/cc7102.O'MaraMS, SlaterH, GoldfarbIW, et al. A prospective, randomized evaluation of intra-abdominal pressures with crystalloid and colloid resuscitation in burn patients[J]. ,2005,58(5):1011-1018. DOI:10.1097/01.ta.0000162732.39083.15.SamantaJ, RanaA, DhakaN, et al. Ascites in acute pancreatitis: not a silent bystander[J]. ,2019,19(5):646-652. DOI:10.1016/j.pan.2019.06.004.RegliA, ChakeraJ, De KeulenaerBL, et al. Matching positive end-expiratory pressure to intra-abdominal pressure prevents end-expiratory lung volume decline in a pig model of intra-abdominal hypertension[J]. ,2012,40(6):1879-1886. DOI:10.1097/CCM.0b013e31824e0e80.PelosiP, QuintelM, MalbrainML. Effect of intra-abdominal pressure on respiratory mechanics[J]. ,2007,62Suppl 1:78-88. DOI:10.1179/acb.2007.62.s1.011.RegliA, PelosiP, MalbrainM. Ventilation in patients with intra-abdominal hypertension: what every critical care physician needs to know[J]. ,2019,9(1):52. DOI:10.1186/s13613-019-0522-y.MiettoC, MalbrainML, ChiumelloD. Transpulmonary pressure monitoring during mechanical ventilation: a bench-to-bedside review[J]. ,2015,47 Spec No:s27-37. DOI:10.5603/AIT.a2015.0065.TalmorD, SargeT, MalhotraA, et al. Mechanical ventilation guided by esophageal pressure in acute lung injury[J]. ,2008,359(20):2095-2104. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa0708638.MalbrainML, ChiumelloD, CesanaBM, et al. A systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis on intra-abdominal hypertension in critically ill patients: the wake-up project. World initiative on Abdominal Hypertension Epidemiology, a Unifying Project (WAKE-Up!)[J]. ,2014,80(3):293-306.RegliA, De KeulenaerBL, PalermoA, et al. Positive end-expiratory pressure adjusted for intra-abdominal pressure-a pilot study[J]. ,2018,43:390-394. DOI:10.1016/j.jcrc.2017.10.012.de LaetIE, MalbrainM. Current insights in intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome[J]. ,2007,31(2):88-99. DOI:10.1016/s0210-5691(07)74781-2.隋峰,郑悦,马文良,等.超声造影评价腹腔高压状态下肾脏灌注的实验研究[J].,2018,38(5):425-430,封3. DOI:10.3969/j.jssn.1002-1949.2018.05.012.RajasuryaV, SuraniS. Abdominal compartment syndrome: of ten overlooked conditions in medical intensive care units[J]. ,2020,26(3):266-278. DOI:10.3748/wjg.v26.i3.266.Reintam BlaserA, MalbrainM, RegliA. Abdominal pressure and gastrointestinal function: an inseparable couple?[J]. ,2017,49(2):146-158. DOI:10.5603/AIT.a2017.0026.PopescuGA, BaraT, RadP. Abdominal compartment syndrome as a multidisciplinary challenge. A literature review[J]. ,2018,4(4):114-119. DOI:10.2478/jccm-2018-0024.KovacN, PericM. Liver function assessment by indocyanine green plasma disappearance rate in patients with intra-abdominal hypertension after "non-hepatic" abdominal surgery[J]. ,2018,34(10):1741-1746. DOI:10.1080/03007995.2018.1435522.SunJK, LiWQ, KeL, et al. Early enteral nutrition prevents intra-abdominal hypertension and reduces the severity of severe acute pancreatitis compared with delayed enteral nutrition: a prospective pilot study[J]. ,2013,37(9):2053-2060. DOI:10.1007/s00268-013-2087-5.Reintam BlaserA, PreiserJC, FruhwaldS, et al. Gastrointestinal dysfunction in the critically ill: a systematic scoping review and research agenda proposed by the Section of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine[J]. ,2020,24(1):224. DOI:10.1186/s13054-020-02889-4.BurlewCC, MooreEE, CuschieriJ, et al. Who should we feed? Western Trauma Association multi-institutional study of enteral nutrition in the open abdomen after injury[J]. ,2012,73(6):1380-1388. DOI:10.1097/TA.0b013e318259924c.Reintam BlaserA, StarkopfJ, AlhazzaniW, et al. Early enteral nutrition in critically ill patients: ESICM clinical practice guidelines[J]. ,2017,43(3):380-398. DOI:10.1007/s00134-016-4665-0.SingerP, BlaserAR, BergerMM, et al. ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit[J]. ,2019,38(1):48-79. DOI:10.1016/j.clnu.2018.08.037.McClaveSA, TaylorBE, MartindaleRG, et al. Guidelines for the provision and assessment of nutrition support therapy in the adult critically ill patient: society of critical care medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.)[J]. ,2016, 40(2):159-211. DOI:10.1177/0148607115621863.De LaetI, HosteE, VerholenE, et al. The effect of neuromuscular blockers in patients with intra-abdominal hypertension[J]. ,2007,33(10):1811-1814. DOI:10.1007/s00134-007-0758-0.De WaeleJJ, BenoitD, HosteE, et al. A role for muscle relaxation in patients with abdominal compartment syndrome?[J]. ,2003,29(2):332. DOI:10.1007/s00134-002-1578-x.ChilesKT, FeeneyCM. Abdominal compartment syndrome successfully treated with neuromuscular blockade[J]. ,2011,55(4):384-387. DOI:10.4103/0019-5049.84867.MentulaP, HienonenP, KemppainenE, et al. Surgical decompression for abdominal compartment syndrome in severe acute pancreatitis[J]. ,2010,145(8):764-769. DOI:10.1001/archsurg.2010.132.KeL, NiHB, TongZH, et al. The importance of timing of decompression in severe acute pancreatitis combined with abdominal compartment syndrome[J]. ,2013,74(4):1060-1066. DOI:10.1097/TA.0b013e318283d927.CoccoliniF, BifflW, CatenaF, et al. The open abdomen, indications, management and definitive closure[J]. ,2015,10:32. DOI:10.1186/s13017-015-0026-5.CoccoliniF, RobertsD, AnsaloniL, et al. The open abdomen in trauma and non-trauma patients: WSES guidelines[J]. ,2018,13:7. DOI:10.1186/s13017-018-0167-4.De WaeleJJ, HosteEA, MalbrainML. Decompressive laparotomy for abdominal compartment syndrome—a critical analysis[J]. ,2006,10(2):R51. DOI:10.1186/cc4870.