间歇性禁食是常用的减重、改善胰岛素抵抗的方法,包括隔日禁食(alternate day fasting,ADF)、5∶2膳食和限时进食(time-restricted eating,TRE)3种[54, 55]。间歇性禁食是否较单纯热卡控制更有效改善胰岛素抵抗,不同研究的结果存在差异。Harvie等[56]的研究显示,短期5∶2膳食较单纯热卡控制能更有效改善胰岛素抵抗。Trepanowski等[57]的研究显示,ADF的减重、改善胰岛素抵抗作用与单纯热卡控制相当。最近张惠杰等在中国人群的研究显示,热卡控制不论是否联合TRE都能够有效降低体重、改善胰岛素抵抗,但通过TRE控制热卡并不优于单纯热卡控制[58]。
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