叶酸作为甲酸代谢的底物,其水平与甲酸代谢速度直接相关。补充叶酸可促进包括人类、猴等多种动物甲酸的氧化,降低甲醇毒性和病死率。叶酸尚能改善视力,且不良反应较少[24,30,44]。具体用法为1 mg/kg,通常50 mg溶于5%葡萄糖中,静脉滴注至少30~60 min,每4~6 h 1次;或口服50 mg,每6 h 1次。均持续至少24~48 h[21,45]。
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