WeiZihao1WangZhiyong2ChenQianming11Oral Medicine Center, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine & Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province & Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China2Department of Scientific Research, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine & Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province & Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
1.病损外观(appearance of lesions):OLP病损外观即为临床医师或研究者所能观察到的患者口腔内存在的红色病损、白色病损、糜烂或溃疡面(图2)。OLP患者的口腔损害好发于颊、舌、牙龈等部位,为多发或双侧对称分布,呈稍高于黏膜表面的白色或灰白色线纹或网纹(即网纹型)[11],也可在其他部位同时存在网纹型病损的基础上出现丘疹型、斑块型、萎缩型、疱型和糜烂型等病损[12]。上述分型较繁复,临床上常根据是否有糜烂分为糜烂型和非糜烂型以指导治疗。因此,病损外观这一结局指标[13],应关注的是OLP的白色、红色(即充血)及糜烂或溃疡等临床表现[14]。
2.病损严重程度(severity of lesions):病损累及的范围可作为OLP疾病严重程度的评估指标之一,如病损累及黏膜的面积及部位。此外,相比OLP的白色病损,一般认为OLP出现充血发红、萎缩、糜烂及溃疡时提示病损处于活动期,需要进行干预。研究表明,充血萎缩及糜烂OLP患者的癌变风险较高[15]。有研究者采用改良OLP评分系统对OLP严重程度进行评分,该评分系统将口腔分为11个不同部位,根据网状、充血、糜烂/溃疡3种类型OLP病损的严重程度分别赋值为1、1.5和2,最后的分值为相应病损所累及的部位数乘以该病损的赋值之和。具体公式为:改良OLP评分=网状病变评分×1+充血病变评分×1.5+糜烂或溃疡病变评分×2[13]。
7.患者依从性和耐受性(patient compliance and tolerability):患者的依从性即患者依从医师所制订的治疗计划的程度。患者的依从性和医师制订的治疗方案和计划、对疾病的认知与关注以及经济因素等多方面相关。而耐受性是指人体对治疗措施的反应性降低的一种状态,耐受性是一种生物学现象,是干预手段应用的自然结果。
11.需要医疗救助(need for rescue medication):OLP的主要临床症状为疼痛,因此针对OLP临床干预的研究中需要医疗救助的情况常见于需要紧急进行疼痛管理[7]。此外,也有其他非预期的临床不良事件需要对患者进行医疗救助,如药物不良反应等。
四、讨论
1.制订OLP COS 的积极意义:COS是在疾病的临床干预性试验中需要测量的最小公认数据集。在临床研究中使用COS可以减少不同临床研究使用不同结局所带来的异质性,便于对同一主题的不同临床研究进行系统评价,提高临床研究的实用性。目前尚无针对OLP临床干预研究的COS。确定COS将有助于减少OLP临床干预研究中测量结果的异质性,也为对不同研究的结果和数据进行系统评价和荟萃分析提供了可能。而系统评价和荟萃分析可为临床医师决策提供更科学的循证依据。基于以上原因,第8届世界口腔医学工作组制订了OLP的COS,这是目前已知的由国际工作组制订的首个OLP COS,具有重要的价值和意义。
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